1969 – Syntelmann – Kleinwächter (German)
Syntelmann II – Electric Tele-manipulator with 9 degrees of freedom per arm, position- and force-controlled sensors for forces, sounds, temperatures (in front), operator with exo-skeleton transducer system, force feedback system, and stereo image transmission system (in the back). The “Syntelmann” was developed by Kleinwaechter in Freiburg, Germany, parallel to the development of the Stanford Arm …