1961 – Trieste Submersible with Manipulator Arm by Harold Froehlich – General Mills. Image source: Manned Submersibles, Frank Bushby, 1976. The Trieste was purchased by the U.S. Navy in 1958. Development of the manipulator arm, instigated by Don Walsh, was done by Harold "Bud" Froehlich of General Mills. Based on the Model 150 arm, it was finally …
1967 – STAR III Submersible by General Dynamics had a bow manipulator with interchangeable "hands" and two television cameras, and operated at depths of 2,000 feet. STAR III Manipulator Control Panel. Above and below: Advertisements highlighting the manipulator arms developed at General Dynamics. Press Photo c1967. Star II and Star III (foreground), the two research …
Photo source: Manned Submersibles, Bushby. 1964 – Asherah Submersible by General Dynamics. Manipulator Arm: One electro-hydraulic. Made by General Dynamics. Asherah, the first commercially built American research submersible, was a two-man submarine built by General Dynamics, Groton, Connecticut, USA, and could dive to a depth of 600 feet (180 m). Commissioned in 1963 and launched …
1967 – STAR II Submersible by General Dynamics. Manipulator Arm: One Electro-hydraulic with 4 degrees-of-freedom. Full reach – 4 ft 1 inch. Payload at full reach – 150 lb. Mechanically jettisonable. Made by General Dynamics. Source: Manned Submersibles, Bushby. Source: Manned Submersibles, Bushby. Above: Advertisement highlighting the manipulator arms developed at General Dynamics. Press Photo c1967. …
1968-69 – Deepstar 2000 Diving Saucer by Westinghouse. The manipulator arm is simple as per all Cousteau/Westinghouse submersibles of this period with only two degrees of freedom. The arm is electro-hydraulic and the claw is of the clam-shell type, also referred to as an "orange peel" claw. Arm is also mechanically jettisonable for safety reasons. …