1964 – “ROBUG” – Hans Moravec (Austrian / Canadian)

ROBUG: switch-programmable to wake/seek/avoid on light/touch/wind; feelers charged to 90 volts! "In high school [Montreal,1964] he [Hans Moravec] won two science fair prizes for a light-following electronic turtle and a tape-controlled robot hand. As an undergraduate he designed a computer to control fancier robots, and experimented with learning and automatic programming on commercial machines. During his …

1969 – “EMMA” – G. C. Brown (British)

EMMA – Electronic Mime Mobile Animal There were two versions of EMMA offered, the second one referred to as "Educated" EMMA, having a Condition Reflex cirrcuit added in. The pdf attached  has the complete articles, but I've OCR'ed the introductory descriptions – see below. Block diagram of EMMA without additions. EMMA This article deals with …

1964 – Cybernetique Tortue (Cybernetic Tortoise) – Armand Delsemme (Belgian)

Les amateurs de « zoologie » électronique sont aujourd'hui légion. Ici, une « tortue » réalisée par le chercheur belge André[sic] Delsemme et qui, comme ses consoeurs, est capable d'apprentissage (arch. ph. Boulanger/Ministère de l'Éducation nationale — Service Cinématographique, Bruxelles). English Translation The amateurs of electronic “zoology” are now legion. Here, a “cybernetic tortoise” made …

1968 – Toy-Pet Plexi-Ball – Robin Parkinson and Eric Martin (American)

Pic and article from The Machine: As Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age by Pontus Hulten (Beautiful pressed-metal Hardcover – 1968)   Robin Parkinson. American, born 1943 (artist) Eric Martin. American, born 1943 (engineer) Toy-Pet Plexiball-Ball. 1968 Plexiglass, electrical equipment, motor, microphone, synthetic fur bag; sphere, 11" diameter. The Toy-Pet Plexi-Ball has three …