a history of cybernetic animals and early robots
1968-69 – Deepstar 2000 Diving Saucer by Westinghouse. The manipulator arm is simple as per all Cousteau/Westinghouse submersibles of this period with only two degrees of freedom. The arm is electro-hydraulic and the claw is of the clam-shell type, also referred to as an "orange peel" claw. Arm is also mechanically jettisonable for safety reasons. …
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1968 – AUTEC I and II Submersibles by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics. Designated TURTLE and SEA CLIFF by the U.S. Navy. Press Release – 1968 – Escape Capsule GROTON, CONN.: This artist's concept of an AUTEC Research Submarine shows the use of tools selected from an external tool compartment. In an emergency …
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1931-3 – "Explorer" Submersible by Simon Lake. The "Explorer" is located at Milford Landing Marina, 37 Helwig St. Milford Connecticut 06460. The "Explorer" was the last boat built by the pioneering submarine designer and builder, Simon Lake. The Explorer was intended strictly for research and salvage and was linked to a mother ship for air …
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 DEEP OCEAN WORK BOAT (DOWB), a two man submersible built by General Motors in the United States by General Motors AC Electronics Division, was initially launched on October l2, 1967. Windowless, it has top and bottom "fish eye" lenses, plus television cameras, for full 360 degree vision. A TV viewing system is mounted on …
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1964 – Alvin Submersible by Harold Froehlich – General Mills/Litton Systems. Image source: Manned Submersibles, Frank Bushby, Pub. 1976. In-depth innovation. The first submarine to explore the deep-sea wreckage of the Titanic was designed and built by General Mills. The “Alvin” submarine – named for famous oceanographer Allyn Vine – became the world’s premiere deep-diving research vessel …
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