1965 – Cybernetic Tortoise – (Russian)

Простая кибернетика Автор:Е. Копытов, Ð’. Салов, Т. Шорикова Название:Простая кибернетика Издательство:Молодая гвардия Год:1965 ———————- Simple cybernetics Author: E. Kopytov, V. Salov, T. Shorikova Title: A simple cybernetics Publisher: Young Guard Year: 1965 Thanks to Waldemar DekaÅ„ski  from Poland for locating the source for this Cybernetic Tortoise. Original Russian text originally used found here.   Pioneer in the …

1965 – ADROIT Simulated Insect – Leonard Friedman (American)

At this stage I have very little information on Friedman's ADROIT. If I can get hold of his paper I will add exceprts here. —————- interesting reference from SRI Shakey's 1966 interim paper "Definition of the Automaton System Factors Influencing the Choice of a Mission There is not much prior art in the area of automata controlled …

1965 – Kybernetisches Modell “Schildkröte” – Hans Bielowski / Heinz Zemanek (Austrian)

When I visited Heinz Zemanek and the Technisches Museum Wien [Vienna], although the museum normally has Bielowski's tortoise, only the shell was present as the machine was on loan to another museum (Nixdorf Computer Museum) at the time (June 2009). The Vienna Tortoises: Left: 1954 Eichler's Schildkröte; Centre: 1959 Kretz/Angyan/Zemanek Machina Combinatrix; Right: 1965 Bielowski …