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1909 - Occultus -also Barbarossa [redbeard] Very little is known other than a weird photo and article on an automaton / robot named "Occultus" recently exhibited in Berlin by a man named Whitman. Its quite probable that Occultus can't perform all the functions he's purported to do, but possibly some of…
The entry is significant in that it highlights the technologies of the time that enabled most of the early electric animals, mechanical men then later the robots to be operated remotely by sound, light, or radio waves. This technology and underlying principles influenced these machines for at least 50 years. The…
In late 1951, Paul-Alain Amouriq, a Frenchman then aged 17, built a cybernetic tortoise inspired by Grey Walter's as published in a French science magazine Science et Vie (February 1951). Several years later Science et Vie became aware of Amouriq's tortue, and Pierre de Latil visited him and the subsequent article…
A significant feature of the tortoises is so often referred to as "An Imitation of Life". As well as their behaviour, the tortoises construction had to be such that autonomy could be exhibited. This is somewhat driven by the technology and parts available at the time. For Grey Walter's purposes, the…
The Ducrocq family of cybernetic animals were named “Miso” These were designated M-1 through to M-5. Some articles refer to “le renard” (French for fox) as “Job” (M-5). M-1 in most cases was referred to as Miso. It probably became M-1 when M-2 was built. So far, I have seen…
Who is Ivan E. Sutherland? Ivan was born in 1938, Nebraska, USA and is a computer pioneer, inventing Sketchpad, being the first what we now call a Graphical User Interface (GUI). He also built a walking machine, but that will be the subject to another post later. As an under-graduate student,…
The next Grey Walter and his tortoises posts are taking a little time. In the mean time, here are some photo's non-specific to other posts.
meck toy
Although Squee the electronic squirrel is attributed to Edmund C. Berkeley, Jack Koff (City College of New York engineering student) and Robert "Bob" A. Jensen (until he re-entered the Air Force in June 1951), William Szabo and ECB are all credited with its construction. The opening page from Radio-Electronics mag [Dec, 1951] offers…
This toy was available for purshase in France in 1950 by the French Hatchette toy company. It was invented by Jacques Maurice Robert Leblic and the French patent 998,830 was granted on 26 September 1951. The bumper-bar at either end operates a reversing switch for the drive motor. When a lamp is…
This is a place marker under the Cybernetic Animals category. See other posts.
Wiener's/Wiesner's/Singleton's 'Moth' - why so many names attached? (extract from below) Wiener wanted the theories put to a practical test. In the late 1940s he teamed up with Dr. J. Wiesner, then in the Research Laboratory of Electronics, and later to become the president of MIT, to build a demonstration-machine…
Place marker. E. C. Tolman, Discrimination vs. learning and the schematic sowbug, Psychol. Rev., 48, 1941, 367-382.
François Dussaud is more famous for inventions around the phonograph and cinema. A Swiss inventor, born in Geneva (b. 1870 - d. 1953) later lived in France. His patents are filed under the name of Charles François Dussaud. Note: The article below is from the French magazine Sciences & Vie…
This is what everyone's been waiting for - new and more detailed information on "Philidog" by Henri Piraux (sometimes Henry Piraux, of Philips France). One of the articles to be presented tells us that the dog has gone through a bit of an evolution. Unfortunately I've been unable to get a…
I found a single reference to a French Electric Dog that "will jump out of its kennel when a whistle sounds". The rest of the brief article talks about Miessner's "Electric Dog". Ingenious Mechanism - Le Grand Reporter, 30 Dec 1921 p2 The electric dog which will follow a lantern in the…
Originally published in the Electrical Experimenter (issue unknown but probably late 1916). This version from the Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette 24th Dec 1916 p12 It is probably more a 'electric dog' than a creature built to exhibit phototropic behaviour and the like. Although it has a selenium cell, it is for…
A lot has already been published already about Seleno, try these links: http://www.davidbuckley.net/DB/HistoryMakers/HM-ElectricDog1912.htm and my Addendum. Here are some pics and excerpts showing different aspects of the "Electric Dog". Technical articles on the Electric Dog appeared in Scientific American Supplement No. 2267 p376-7 June 14, 1919 written by Benjamin Franklin Miessner, in…
I have only come across two time-lapse photographs with both ELMER and ELSIE. One has to be careful in interpreting time-lapse photographs as there are possibly different events happening at different times, off picture interference, and possibly different start times of each tortoise. An important observation highlighted by Owen Holland…
Early Chinese Mechanical Horse / Ox The wooden ox (木牛æµé¦¬ï¼Œlit. wooden ox flowing horse) was created by Zhuge Liang while he served Shu-Han. It was a thought to be either a mechanical, walking replica of an ox whose main purpose was to carry supplies such as grain to an army that…
Wooden Ox / Gliding Horse Zhu-ge Liang 230 AD Chu-Ko Liang's "Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horse" ( notice different spelling to Zhu-ge Liang ) See book "Reconstruction designs of lost ancient Chinese machinery" By Hong-Sen Yan (search google books) Models: see http://140.116.71.92/acmlab/newpage15.htm Wang-Chien Type Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horse (below)…
MECHANICAL RAT FINDS WAY IN MAZE - Popular Science Nov 1935 As if endowed with powers of reasoning, a mechanical “rat” devised by Dr. Stevenson Smith, University of Washington psychologist, threads its way through an artificial maze like those used to study the behavior of living rats. The three-wheeled, electric-powered device…
Why are all these names together in a post title? Well, one of the 1951 batch of 6 tortoises was sent off to a museum. Actually, is was on loan to Charles Eames (yes, the same Eames who was a designer, amongst other things) who was contracted to design and…
W. Grey Walter's early contact with Edmund C. Berkeley. Who is Edmund C. Berkeley? Probably more renowned for building what has been now considered as the first Personal Computer, called 'Simon' and construction details were published in Radio Electronics in 13 parts from 1950 to 1951. He wrote a book…
The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in London and around Britain on 3 May 1951 and finished the end of September the same year. At that time, shortly after the end of World War II, much of London was still in ruins and redevelopment was badly…
This entry describes two references to transistorized versions of Grey Walter's tortoises. The second reference refers to people and organisations mentioned in another post on W. Grey Walter and Edmund C. Berkeley . 1957 Jan 25 [WGW response to letter.] The main difficulty is in the mechanical assembly, particularly the gearbox…
Machina Speculatrix - Festival of Britain Exhibition of Science 1951
Festival of Britain - Exhibition of Science 1951 page 51
Alfred Bender with cyclotron.
In Owen Holland's original paper "Legacy...." , he gives a description of Grey's first impression of him ... "Walter’s own view of Wiener can be seen in a letter to Professor Adrian in 1947: We had a visit yesterday from a Professor Wiener, from Boston. I met him over there…
w. Grey Walter - Norbert Wiener + others
There is more to talk about and show regarding ELMER and ELSIE , the M. speculatrix models. So that I can talk about them further, I feel that I need to introduce CORA the tortoise at this time. Why, do you ask, do I keep qualifying CORA -'the tortoise' ? …
British Police Whistle
CORA internals
CORA
Functional circuit of M. Docilis [from "The Living Brain" 1953]
The Last Three of the Seven Operations of Learning - The Constructive Operations
The First Four of the Seven Operation of Learning - The Selective Operations
CORA (M. Docilis) showing signs of neurosis.
CORA (M. Docilis) - now trained and avoiding removed obstacle.
CORA (M. Docilis) - avoiding obstacle prior to being fully trained
This page contains a timeline showing significant Walking Machine events, and dates showing the creation or announcement of the contrivances. If IMAGE IS CLICKABLE, then a post exists for it. Check out cyberneticzoo facebook or the updates page for recent posts. Early Walking Machines inc. Steam Men 480 BC – Wooden Horse Carriage…