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1960 – Stanford Cart – (American)

A young Hans Moravec with the Stanford Cart c1977. One of the more documented Autonomous Vehicles is the Stanford Cart, having an active career starting as a research vehicle for remote moon missions, a White-line follower in 1966, through to its last active role in 1980 as an Autonomous research…

1958 – Conditional Probability Computer / Trolley – Uttley / Andrew (English)

 Fig. 2 of New Scientist article Alex Andrew graduated in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University, Scotland, then joined the Departments of Physiology and Psychological Medicine there. Part of this time was spent on leave of absence with Warren McCulloch’s group in MIT. Work in Glasgow was largely on…
Read more » 1958 – Conditional Probability Computer / Trolley – Uttley / Andrew (English)

1951 – James the Intelligent Robot – Edmund C. Berkeley (American)

Despite his attempts in trying, as seen in the attached documents, I don't believe Edmund C. Berkeley ever realized the construction of James the intelligent robot. Specification of James: A man-like robot, with six sound tracks, a load speaker, and three or four sensory organs, which will seem to respond…
Read more » 1951 – James the Intelligent Robot – Edmund C. Berkeley (American)

1948 – Robin the Robot – Patrick Rizzo (American)

Above image from Jim Linderman's website. Gettysburg Times 17 June 1949 The servant problem has been solved by a Detroit automobile factory worker, whose butler requires no wages or board. Robin, the strange creature of Patrick Rizzo, is more than an ashtray-emptying servant. He also entertains with card tricks and…
Read more » 1948 – Robin the Robot – Patrick Rizzo (American)

1940 – Sparko the Robot Dog – (American)

Most likely the prototype Sparko, as distinguished by the dents and course finish of the side of his body, unless he's undergone some damage somehow.  Its been suggested by others that Sparko only moved his hind legs, and that his front 'paws' were rollers.  From photographic evidence, I believe Sparko…

1938 – Robot – Charles Lawson (British)

Charles Lawson lighting a cigarette for his robot. Other than the above images, all that's reported for this robot is that is talks and smokes.  The photo above shows a seat with a lightning-bolt motif on it. The seat suggests robot could arise and sit again.  Robot''s right arm moves to…

1939 – Superman Dennis the Robot – Charles Lawson (British)

Charles Lawson with his 2nd robot. Robot invented by Charles Lawson, a radio engineer  of Kettering, England. Little is known of this Robot. Earliest known date of 1939 is from the above Popular Science advert on Webster's Dictionary. 7ft. tall, its claimed that this robot can control traffic, sing, light and smoke…
Read more » 1939 – Superman Dennis the Robot – Charles Lawson (British)

1939 – Clarence the Radio Robot – Austin Huhn (American)

Above: Popular Science Aug 1940.  Below: Radio-Craft Oct 1939 extract from Radio-Craft Oct 39. Clarence.  RADIO ROBOT Something new! A completely self-contained robot which operates within 150 ft. of a remote control unit. Oscillators—very similar to the currently popular " 'wireless' phono oscillator" supply control signals. by AUSTIN HUHN "CLARENCE," the…
Read more » 1939 – Clarence the Radio Robot – Austin Huhn (American)

1938 – Big Looie – Patrick & Paul Rizzo (American)

News-Palladium 20 Jan 1938 Charlie McCarthy Has Rival—It's Big Looie Detroit-Built Robot Can Walk, Talk And Play An Accordion; He's 6 feet Tall And Wears Size 16 Shoes. DETROIT, Jan. 20—Two Detroit auto mechanics announced today they had produced a mechanical man that will put Charlie McCarthy in the minor…
Read more » 1938 – Big Looie – Patrick & Paul Rizzo (American)

1962 – Big Cyber Tortoise – (Russian)

Translation:  "The Big Cyber Tortoise - a mobile adaptive automat. Made in 60-s by the experimental factory of the former ZNANIE (http://www.znanie.org/OZR/history.htm ) It has technical vision and sounds recognition and able to find a light source and avoid obstacles".   This tortoise is in the Polytechnical Museum in Moscow (http://eng.polymus.ru/)…

1961 – Ferdinand Autonomous Robot Mod I – JHU APL (American)

  JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 24, NUMBER 1 (2003) p59 APL has had a distinguished history in decision support and situational awareness. For example, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Laboratory was critically engaged in the development of weapon control systems and the Navy Tactical Data System (NTDS),…
Read more » 1961 – Ferdinand Autonomous Robot Mod I – JHU APL (American)

1952 – Unknown Robot – M.I.T. (American)

Little is known about this roving robot. It is tethered, so not truely autonomous.  Responses are drive motion and direction, as well as arm movement as well as hand movement, with an up-down movement probably being a 'yes' response, and a sideways shake being a 'no' response. The demonstrator is…

1959 – Machina Combinatrix – Kretz / Angyan / Zemanek (Austrian)

The above three images suggest there is a film clip out there somewhere. The Vienna Tortoises: Left: 1954 Eichler's Schildkröte; Centre: 1959 Kretz/Angyan/Zemanek Machina Combinatrix; Right: 1965 Bielowski Schildkröte HANS KRETZ: An Interview Conducted by David Morton, IEEE History Center, 25 July 1996 Interview #283 for the IEEE History Center,…
Read more » 1959 – Machina Combinatrix – Kretz / Angyan / Zemanek (Austrian)

1950 – Maze-Solving Mouse – Claude Shannon (American)

The diagrammatic view of the 1950-1 Maze-solving Mouse built by Claude A. Shannon. Claude Shannon knew Edmund C. Berkeley quite well. Berkeley had two young associates working part-time with him on his early robots, by the names of Ivan and Bert Sutherland.  Ivan was soon to have Claude Shannon as his…
Read more » 1950 – Maze-Solving Mouse – Claude Shannon (American)

1937 – Elektro – Joseph M. Barnett (American)

    Colour photo of Elektro at the 1939-40 World's Fair held in New York.   ELEKTRO- "the Moto-Man This 260-lb. mechanical man at the New York World's Fair 1939 walks, talks, smokes, and selects colors! His anatomy includes an "electric eye," 48 relays, 11 motors, a microphone, grid-glow tube,…
Read more » 1937 – Elektro – Joseph M. Barnett (American)

1959 – “CUPEL” the Cybernetic Tortoise – Andrzej Harland (Polish)

 "CUPEL"  by Andrzej Harland The only text I've seen on this tortoise / turtle is from a Canadian film clip found here : http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//RTV/1960/01/01/BGY503220197/?s=cybernetic Unfortunately there is no preview of the film clip. CANADA: TURTLE    Clip Description: Story: Eureka... Such a star was never seen in our TV. Something between…
Read more » 1959 – “CUPEL” the Cybernetic Tortoise – Andrzej Harland (Polish)

1937 – “Machine-Man”, the Budapest Robot – László Zelenka and Sándor Bortnyik (Hungarian)

The Budapest Robot at the International Fair 1937. Above image source: Robots: Facts, Fiction and Prediction. I haven't been able to find any relevant text to this robot, but it appears to be able to detect an audience (via photo-electric cells in its eyes?), stand using motors in the base…
Read more » 1937 – “Machine-Man”, the Budapest Robot – László Zelenka and Sándor Bortnyik (Hungarian)

1936 – Mechanical Man – Dept. of Labour (American)

Mechanical Man Exhibit    Original caption: the American Negro Exposition, being held in Chicago's Coliseum, is a regular World's Fair for the people of the Negro race, who have crowded the large halls with exhibits on religion, music, sports, science, industry, art, and the stage. Maudelle Bousfield, of Chicago, and…
Read more » 1936 – Mechanical Man – Dept. of Labour (American)

1935 – “Anthrophor” – Dr. Okolicsanyi Ferenc (Hungarian)

I have very little information on Anthrophor. The images are an extract from a Hungarian patent 118554. It appears to be tele-operated. An early Hungarian patent on a robot by Dr. János Gács The 118,544 Hungarian Patent was filed on 10th December 1936, by Ferenc Okolicsányi. It was based on…
Read more » 1935 – “Anthrophor” – Dr. Okolicsanyi Ferenc (Hungarian)

1934 – Egbert – (American)

Popular Science June 1934 TALKING ROBOT SALUTES VISITORS Mechanical man salutes and speaks to visitors at Franklin Institute. Phonograph record that gives robot its voice and mechanism that causes action. SPOKEN messages of welcome. accompained by a snappy salute, startle visitors to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. Pa., where a…

1933 – Willie the Robot – Andrew Bober (American)

Popular Mechanics May 1949 WILLIE the ROBOT WILLIE is a dapper little citizen of Hammond. Ind., with a leer in his eye and a stomach chock full of wires and gears. He's a robot, the mechanical child of Andy Bober. If you ever meet Willie, there's any number of things…
Read more » 1933 – Willie the Robot – Andrew Bober (American)

1913 – Automaton (French)

Popular Mechanics June 1913 A French Talking Automaton A new French talking automaton, just placed on the market, is said to be a great improvement over previous automatons of this kind. Located in its base are mechanisms for working the eyes, eyelids, head, mouth, arms, and the hands and fingers.…

1935 – Mr. X – a Radio Robot – Ted Muralt (American)

Although called a "radio robot", there is no "Radio" about him.  The article gets around this by refering to a previous article on "The Radio Robot". To that extent, this is a "mechanical man" to that earlier "radio robot". Otherwise he is controlled by a simple switch box. Above images and the…
Read more » 1935 – Mr. X – a Radio Robot – Ted Muralt (American)

1958-60-62 Azor and Super Azor – Janusz Wojciechowski (Polish)

Azor Dog was constructed by Janusz Wojciechowski. He is the author of many books for young amateur electronics technicians, in present considered as legendary. Azor Dog was prototyped in 1958 together with A. Lonchinskim, presented on a TV show in 1960. Two years later in 1962 book was issued with detailed…
Read more » 1958-60-62 Azor and Super Azor – Janusz Wojciechowski (Polish)

1934 – Mac the Mechanical Man – Leighton Hilbert (American)

circa 1935: Two women with Mac the Mechanical Man the radio-controlled robot invented by Leighton Hilbert. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [Note: I don't think Mac is radio-controlled, but there is certainly is a visual suggestion of being remotely controlled via a umbilical cord and a control box. Most likely…
Read more » 1934 – Mac the Mechanical Man – Leighton Hilbert (American)

Early Robot Enabling Technologies

This page will contain a selection of significant early technologies, and dates showing the creation or announcement of these technologies. For the moment, it is more a list of what is going to be placed in this blog. If image is clickable, then a blog post exists for it. Check…

1931 – Willie Vocalite – Joseph M. Barnett (American)

Westinghouse's first robot was "Herbert Televox" built by Roy Wensley out at their East Pittsburgh, Pensilvania plant. Wensley left Westinghouse, but another man of metal was born.  Referred to as the son of "Herbert Televox", "Mr. Vocalite", later called "Willie Vocalite" was conceived and designed by Joseph (Barney) M. Barnett, member of the…
Read more » 1931 – Willie Vocalite – Joseph M. Barnett (American)

1933 – Mr. Ohm Kilowatt – Earl Kent (American)

Portsmouth Times 21 Feb 1933 p8 TECHNOCRATIC MAN OF 1940?—This conception of the machine age product by youthful Earl Kent, 21, of Carthage, Miss., "walks, talks, smokes cigarettes and spits fire". Kent, the inventor, is pictured with it in Los Angeles. Betty Davis, young saleswoman who "made a sale" to…
Read more » 1933 – Mr. Ohm Kilowatt – Earl Kent (American)

1932 – George Robot – Capt. W.H. Richards (British)

 The 1932 George Robot by Capt. William H.Richards is an improved version of the 1928 Eric Robot. There is also a later 1952 version named Robert Robot with a different head, but I have no record of who owned and operated Robert Robot back then [1].    The 1932 head is more sculptured,…
Read more » 1932 – George Robot – Capt. W.H. Richards (British)

1932 – Alpha the Robot – Harry May (English)

This Robot has had several guises over the years. From large, round, eyes with lamps in them and large ears with microphones, to a female form with curly hair breasts on the chest plate, and then one with insulators on its head. It also has many names, including The ROBOTER,…
Read more » 1932 – Alpha the Robot – Harry May (English)

1958 – Sparky the Robot Pup – Gaylord Welker (American)

"Sparky" the Robot Pup appeared in Dec 1958-Jan 1959 issues of Popular Electronics. Full pdf here Sparky the Robot Pup PE Dec 1958-Jan 1959.   HOW IT WORKS When main switch S1 is closed, all relays stay in their unactivated position and power is supplied only to the drive motor…
Read more » 1958 – Sparky the Robot Pup – Gaylord Welker (American)

1958 – Cyber the Dog – A.H. Bruinsma (Philips) (Netherlands)

A.H. Bruinsma  Roboter Schaltungen  Orig 1958 German edition, Eng translation 1965.  Actually called “Cyber” (pronounced Seeber).  These books are Philips publications, and I think Bruinsma worked for Philips. Notes: 1. Anne Hendrik Bruinsma is probably more well known for his work in Radio-control. (I previously thought Anne was a female name,…
Read more » 1958 – Cyber the Dog – A.H. Bruinsma (Philips) (Netherlands)

1958 – Machina Reproducatrix – Angyan (Hungarian)

The model seen here is  Dr. Andre  (Andrew) John Angyan's first cybernetic model, Machine Reproducatrix, built in Budapest, Hungary.  It very much follows the Grey Walter tortoise in terms of construction and function (of CORA - Machina Docilis).  His later machines, constructed by Kretz with Zemanek, are the subject of a later…
Read more » 1958 – Machina Reproducatrix – Angyan (Hungarian)

1957 – Cybernetic Tortoise “Beta” – Vasilyev and Petrovsky (Russian)

    The Cybernetic section of the the Moscow Politechnical museum. You can see "Beta" in the centre. It is quite small in size. The other clear-plastic model was built for the museum and is the subject of another later post.      There is a single drive motor, only driving…
Read more » 1957 – Cybernetic Tortoise “Beta” – Vasilyev and Petrovsky (Russian)

1956-57 – Elektronikus Katicabogár (Electronic Ladybird) – Dr. Muszka Dániel (Hungarian)

**Stop Press** - See Daniel Muszka with his Ladybird at the Robots Festival Nov 30-Dec 31 2011 Science Museum, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2DD  The Science Museum's 'Robots Festival' begins with a five-day 'Roboville' event showcasing the latest in robotic research and development - including emotibots, swimming shark robots, medical robots…
Read more » 1956-57 – Elektronikus Katicabogár (Electronic Ladybird) – Dr. Muszka Dániel (Hungarian)

1931 – Mr Radio Robot – Paul Von Kunits (American)

  Here's a cut down version of the first page. The full article is found by the pdf link at the bottom of this article. A clever New York radio engineer, Mr. Paul Von Kunits, has created "Mr. Radio Robot," a remarkable device which is attracting unusual attention and proving…
Read more » 1931 – Mr Radio Robot – Paul Von Kunits (American)

1930c – Steel Humanoid Robot – Yasutaro Mitsui (Japanese)

It appears as if Yasutaro Mitsui's Steel Humanoid robot is the first known Japanese robot in humanoid form. With the post author not being able to read nor write in Japanese, it makes it difficult to research. The image also appears in Haruki Inoue's 1993 book Nihon Robotto Soseiki 1920-1938. I suspect…
Read more » 1930c – Steel Humanoid Robot – Yasutaro Mitsui (Japanese)
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