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1955 – Electronic Mouse Maze Solver – Harry Rudloe (American)

The original article appeared in Scientific American, The Amateur Scientist,  An Electronic Mouse That Learns From Experience by Harry Rudloe, 1955 Mar, pg 116 .   This copy from C. L. Stong.  The Amateur Scientist.  Ill. by Roger Hayward.  S&S, 1960.  The Electronic Mouse That Learns From Experience, pp. 394-398.  Harry…
Read more » 1955 – Electronic Mouse Maze Solver – Harry Rudloe (American)

1955-57 – Maze Solver – M. Gavrilova (Ðœ.А.Гаврилова) (Russian)

Maze currently found in Polytechnic Museum of Science and Technology , Moscow. Cybernetic model "Mouse in the maze" (see video clip here) [Thanks Joseba Arruabarrena as the video clip is now on youtube.]  One of the first developments in the field of cybernetics in the Soviet Union. Modeling ability to…
Read more » 1955-57 – Maze Solver – M. Gavrilova (Ðœ.А.Гаврилова) (Russian)

1953 – “Franken” Maze-Solving Machine – Ivan and Bert Sutherland

FRANKEN The original Franken maze solver was designed and built by Bert and Ivan Sutherland. I suspect it was built for Edmund C. Berkeley.  Berkeley , it appears, had used the early version as a prototype, and engaged his other associates, namely Bob Jensen, Juli Skalski and Stan Skalski in drawing up…
Read more » 1953 – “Franken” Maze-Solving Machine – Ivan and Bert Sutherland

1954 – Maze-Solving Machine – J. A. Deutsch (British)

Anthony Deutsch, aged 26, with his maze runner from Oxford University's Institute of  Experimental Psychology. The head-lamp on the trolley is turned on, and various photo-electric cells are mounted at strategic points in the maze. Deutsch's Maze runner was considered the most sophisticated at the time. It was capable of transferring…
Read more » 1954 – Maze-Solving Machine – J. A. Deutsch (British)

1937 – Maze Solver – Hugh Bradner (American)

The above is an excerpt from Cordeshi's book "Discovery of the Artificial". Hugh Bradner was at the Psychology laboratory at the University of Miami, Ohio. His robot learnt by trial and error. The cart was 12 inches long, 6 inches wide with 2 wheels on a front axle. a driving…
Read more » 1937 – Maze Solver – Hugh Bradner (American)

1952 – “Theseus” Maze-Solving Mouse – Claude Shannon (American)

Internals showing N-S, E-W carriage, Relays, Uni-selector, motors, amongst other electrical components.  See 18 mins 51 secs in for 27 seconds. See 9 mins 16 secs in for 32 seconds. As the 1952 maze solver was recently at the MIT Museum. Picture from Life Magazine 28 July 1952. Top trace…
Read more » 1952 – “Theseus” Maze-Solving Mouse – Claude Shannon (American)

1988c – Cybernetic Dog – Myasum Alyautdinov (Russian)

VADIM MATSKEVICH Entertaining ANATOMY OF ROBOTS Published by the Radio and Communication ", 1988 CYBERNETIC TOY program-controlled Fig. 82 depicts a funny puppy who goes merrily wagging his tail, barks, turning his head left and right, stopping, looking around, and then again with the barking continues to move. He constructed…
Read more » 1988c – Cybernetic Dog – Myasum Alyautdinov (Russian)

1964 – “The Pud” Steam-powered robot – C. Hampton (British)

A Radio Controlled, Reversible, Steam Powered Christmas Pudding Is "the Pud" an earlier form of the "Crabfu" type of  machine? 
Read more » 1964 – “The Pud” Steam-powered robot – C. Hampton (British)

1954 – Thodar the Robot – Ron Hezel (American)

See story as told on TV - "Robot inventor speaks out about his journey" Video By: Mark Repasky : 02/11/2008 - 09:36 PM The Story of Thodar© as seen on YouTube May 2009 ( Video story about Thodar© starts 2.28 minutes into the report.) see Ron Hezel's website here. Thodar…
Read more » 1954 – Thodar the Robot – Ron Hezel (American)

1968 – Phony Pony – Frank, McGhee (American)

Leg detail - motors are modified power drills. From George A. Bekey - Autonomous Robots - From Biological Inspiration to Implementation and Control (2005) The first autonomous quadruped robot in the United States was constructed in the 1960's at the University of Southern California; it was dubbed the Phony Pony…
Read more » 1968 – Phony Pony – Frank, McGhee (American)

1968 – Iron Mule Train – R. A. Morrison (American)

Although referred to as the "Iron Mule Train", only one carriage was built for test purposes. I believe it was Frank Tinsley's original idea in extending Space General's original Moonwalker that inspired Morrison into promoting this third variant (the other being the Moonwalker disability walker after NASA's cancellation of the…
Read more » 1968 – Iron Mule Train – R. A. Morrison (American)

1961 – Iron Mule Train (Concept) – Frank Tinsley (American)

Although published in 1962, the illustration is dated 1961. Frank Tinsley's concept pre-dates A. J. Morrison's "Iron Mule Train" by about 7 years. Given the cancelled Space programme for an un-manned lunar misssion, I wouldn't be surprised that Tinsley's concept inspired Morrison in resurrecting the Moonwalker project (having already had a…
Read more » 1961 – Iron Mule Train (Concept) – Frank Tinsley (American)

1961 – Moonwalker Lunar Rover – Space General Corp. (American)

Space General designers have built an insect-like vehicle with six legs, two arms, a triangular body, a solar-cell panel, and an antenna. The left arm, ending in a claw, picks up objects to examine. The right one holds a TV camera to do the looking - and to see where…
Read more » 1961 – Moonwalker Lunar Rover – Space General Corp. (American)

1956 – GE Yes-Man Teleoperator – Ralph Mosher (American)

Life Magazine 28 May 1956 p 125. The disembodied device graciously helping the girl with her coat (above) is one of the most dexterous robots yet designed. Its arms have elbows that bend, wrists that swivel and three-clawed hands. Still being perfected by G.E., it is an electro-mechanical slave called…
Read more » 1956 – GE Yes-Man Teleoperator – Ralph Mosher (American)

1940 – Walking SuperTank – Hutchinson and Smith (British)

This demonstration model was remotely controlled by means of flexible cables: the operator used one limb to control each leg.  The British firm W. H. Allen & Company, with A. C. Hutchinson and F. S. Smith, designed the first military related walking machine in 1940. The proposed armoured fighting machine…
Read more » 1940 – Walking SuperTank – Hutchinson and Smith (British)

1957-60 – Walking Machine(s) – Joseph Shigley (American)

There are at least two variations of the walking machines attributed to Prof. Joseph E. Shigley, then from the University of Michigan.  The first relates to the pantograph leg with some descriptions suggesting up to 16 legs were to be used - 4 gangs of 4 legs so a leg was…
Read more » 1957-60 – Walking Machine(s) – Joseph Shigley (American)

1965-71 – G.E. Hardiman I Exoskeleton – Ralph Mosher (American)

One of the few photographs we see of Hardiman I.  I'd have a smile like that on my face too if I had one of these. Hardiman is a name derived somehow, from "Human Augmentation Research and Development Investigation." and Man from MANipulator.  Sometimes written as HardiMan, Hardi-Man, Hardi Man,…
Read more » 1965-71 – G.E. Hardiman I Exoskeleton – Ralph Mosher (American)

1961-2 – Cornell Aeronautical Labs Man-Amplifier – Neil Mizen (American)

The below video clip was recently placed on Youtube by Neil Mizen's son.   The person in the video and in the below pics is Ronald J. Patterson, a technician from Cornell Aeronautical Labs at the time. ll Note: The description above incorrectly describes the exoskeleton as having motors. Unfortunately Cornell…
Read more » 1961-2 – Cornell Aeronautical Labs Man-Amplifier – Neil Mizen (American)

1966 – “Moonwalker” Disability Walker – Jack Miller / W.C. Baldwin / Brodsky (American)

As a child, I really wanted one of these! Of the three built, two may still be in existance at the Rancho Los Amigos. **Video clip via youtube - has both the Moon walker prototype and the chair** Either an early version, or the prototype for the later Iron Mule…
Read more » 1966 – “Moonwalker” Disability Walker – Jack Miller / W.C. Baldwin / Brodsky (American)

Early Teleoperators, Exoskeletons and Industrial Robots

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This page shows a timeline of significant events in the development of Teleoperators, Exoskeletons and Industrial Robots with dates showing the creation or announcement of these machines. Check out the updates page for recent posts. There are many way to sub-categorize Teleoperators, from remote manipulators, Man-amplifiers and exoskeletons, prosthetics and orthotics,…
Read more » Early Teleoperators, Exoskeletons and Industrial Robots

1939 – “Horsepower” Mechanical Horse – G. H. Messmore (American)

Image found on flickr. Exhibit now located at Musée Mécanique, San Francisco. See video clip here. from Mechanix Illustrated May 1947 from Popular Science Jan 1939.
Read more » 1939 – “Horsepower” Mechanical Horse – G. H. Messmore (American)

1932-3 – Mechanical Horse – D. G. Alzetta (Italian)

The above image from Popular Science April, 1933. The Harford Courant Mar 6, 1933 p16 Italian Designs Mechanical Horse From Steel Tubing ---- Device Looks Like Grasshopper Stepping Along Road Spezia, Italy—(AP.)—A mechanical horse, designed to substitute for the farm animal or even light tractor, has been invented by an…
Read more » 1932-3 – Mechanical Horse – D. G. Alzetta (Italian)

1983 – “Six-Legged Hydraulic Walker” – Ivan Sutherland (American)

1983 "Trojan Cockroach", a Six-Legged Hydraulic Walker by Ivan Sutherland. The Sutherland Walker was a six-legged all-terrain robotic designed by Sutherland Sproull Associates with the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University under contract to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The robot used a gasoline motor to power its…
Read more » 1983 – “Six-Legged Hydraulic Walker” – Ivan Sutherland (American)

1952 – Maze Solving Computer – R. A. Wallace (American)

In 1952, Richard A. Wallace built a Maze Solving Computer as a model of "machine learning". His definition of learning is "The ability to modify a response to a stimulus because of past experience with the stimulus."  see full pdf here.
Read more » 1952 – Maze Solving Computer – R. A. Wallace (American)

1977 – Newt – Ralph Hollis (American)

"Newt" updated showing manipulator. In an email response from Dr. Hollis (2010),  I learnt that his old robot is called "Newt," not "NEWT."  (It is not an acronym.)  He is planning to put  together a small web site with lots of pictures and background on Newt, its predecessors and follow-ons. …
Read more » 1977 – Newt – Ralph Hollis (American)
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