1957 – “Danger in the Everglades” (Mechanical Elephant) – Frederick Keith

  Danger in the Everglades. Author: Frederick W Keith Publisher: New York, Abelard-Schuman [1957] [Thanks to Michael Rekoff who informed me about this book.] Authors: Frederick W Keith OCLC Number: 1420226 Description: 1 v. illus. 22 cm. Responsibility: Illustrated by Kurt Werth. A diagram of Packy's interior from page 17. Packy's exterior, page 13. Review …

1988 – “Shadow” Biped Walker – David Buckley et al (British)

Shadow Biped Walker by David Buckley – 1988  Information sourced from my friend David Buckley's own website here http://davidbuckley.net/DB/ShadBiped.htm. Shadow Walker – Retired in 2002 A two legged human sized pneumatic powered walking robot. Design and building started 1988. Size – 5ft 6inches high, weight about 80lb Operational area:- safety supporting frame 4ft * 8ft * 8ft …

1990 – Bipedal Ornithopter – David Santos (American)

Bipedal Ornithopter in flight. Parts. Source: http://web.archive.org/web/19961114042310/http://robotgroup.org/projects/Roboblimp.html Bipedal Onithopter UAV By David Santos It runs on two legs, flaps wings to take flight, and flys nimbly about the nooks and crannies of urban landscapes. Featured on the Discovery Channel's, Invention Series, ABC's Good Morning America, and Newsweek magazine. The blimp is a 12-foot-long airship with running legs …

1967-71 Waseda Anthropomorphic Pneumatically-activated Pedipulators – Ichiro Kato (Japanese)

Pouch-Type Artificial Muscle (1970) An artificial muscle, which would serve as a rotational actuator for prostheses, was developed. It was made of double boards connected by a hinge and an airtight rubber pouch the expansion of which was constrained by nylon so as to generate torque around the hinge. Dr. Ichiro Kato, the leader of …

1966 – “Lunar Worm” (Concept) – Dobson & Fulton of Philco (American)

Artists concept of the Lunar Worm, showing a large, crawling Pneumatic bellows shelter, and a smaller transport vehicle with side-by-side circular bellows.   The crawling motion is not gained by pumping fluid (air) in or out of the bellow segments, but uses a mechanical travelling-wave connected to the pneumatic-bellows structure. The Epoch Times July 20, …