1955 – Space Tug (Illustration) – Nikolay Kolchitsky (Soviet)

Illustrations from the book “Travel To Distant Worlds” written by Karl Gilzen. The illustrations are dated 1955 and are by Nikolay Kolchitsky (Николай Кольчицкий) .  The Space Tugs are manned and have what appears to be simple mechanical arms. The covers to both the Soviet version and the English version of the book. Another similar illustration …

1985 – Manned Autonomous Work Station (MAWS) – Brand Griffin (American)

1985 – Manned Autonomous Work Station (MAWS) by Brand Griffin. For more detail see Griffin’s pdf here. Image and text sourced from drell-7. “With restrictions put on by current EVA technology, there’s no such thing as being able to put on your spacesuit, go out the airlock and deal with an emergency these days. A …

1978 – Manned Remote Work Station (MRWS) – Grumman (American)

1978 – Manned Remote Work Station (MRWS) by Grumman. MRWS multi-role concepts in support of large space systems. More advanced repair platforms for the RMS have been studied by NASA and Grumman Aerospace Corp. The remote work station (RWS) would resemble the manipulator foot restraint and have controls for the Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) astronaut and …