1979 – Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle (MOTV) – Grumman (American)

Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle (MOTV) proposal by Grumman. Rationale for MOTV use: . Servicing satellites remotely using teleoperators operated from earch is more complex, less versatile, and less reliable than having man "on site" to perform this function. . Servicing and checkout is more thorough with man on-site, and contingencies can be more readily handled. …

1987 – Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) – Grumman (American)

The flight telerobotic servicer, or FTS, was conceived as a means of incorporating U.S. robotics technology on Space Station Freedom. The U.S. Congress was interested in advancing both robotics and automation technology for the benefit of the Station, as well as directing spin-offs to the U.S. economy. In addition to ensuring technology transfer between various …

1987 – Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) – Martin Marietta (American)

The flight telerobotic servicer, or FTS, was conceived as a means of incorporating U.S. robotics technology on Space Station Freedom. The U.S. Congress was interested in advancing both robotics and automation technology for the benefit of the Station, as well as directing spin-offs to the U.S. economy. In addition to ensuring technology transfer between various …