1951 – La Tortue Cybernetique (Cybernetic Tortoise) – Paul-Alain Amouriq (French)

In late 1951, Paul-Alain Amouriq, a Frenchman then aged 17, built a cybernetic tortoise inspired by Grey Walter's as published in a French science magazine Science et Vie (February 1951). Several years later Science et Vie became aware of Amouriq's tortue, and Pierre de Latil visited him and the subsequent article was published in the March …

Grey Walter’s Tortoises – Batteries, Re-charging, Hutches and Autonomy

A significant feature of the tortoises is so often referred to as "An Imitation of Life".  As well as their behaviour, the tortoises construction  had to be such that autonomy could be exhibited. This is somewhat driven by the technology and parts available at the time. For Grey Walter's purposes, the models had to be self-contained …

1951-54 – Miso, Barbara, Cesare, Felapton, Job – Albert Ducrocq (French)

The Ducrocq family of cybernetic animals were named “Miso” These were designated M-1 through  to M-5.  Some articles refer to “le renard” (French for  fox) as “Job” (M-5).  M-1 in most cases was referred to as Miso.  It probably became M-1 when M-2 was built. So far, I have seen pictures of 6 different Miso’s. …

1950-1 – Squee – Edmund C. Berkeley et al (American)

Although Squee the electronic squirrel is attributed to Edmund C. Berkeley, Jack Koff (City College of New York engineering student) and Robert "Bob" A. Jensen (until he re-entered the Air Force in June 1951), William Szabo and ECB are all credited with its construction. The opening page from Radio-Electronics mag [Dec, 1951] offers some more info –  "Why …